Knights Tale Compare And Contrast Movie And Book Essay

The book and the film have a few similitudes, where they use blades to battle, however the film utilized more spears for jousting. Looking at both the book and the film to our genuine lives, our lives don⠡â ¦t share an excessive amount of practically speaking. In our lives we don⠡â ¦t haul around blades, and wear protection, or contend in games with spears. Our rivalries as a rule comprise of our exposed hands and feet, to battle. In a manner we do have a sort of game that is practically like blade battling, which is called  ¡Ã‚ §Fencing. ¡Ã‚ ¨ This is the place the principles are practically comparable yet you battle in various movements. We additionally have games that utilization weapons likewise, yet they likewise hurt a great deal, this game is called  ¡Ã¢ §paint ball.⠡â ¨ Where you attempt to chase down your adversary and shoot him before he shoots you with his paint balls. The timespans are extraordinary, since the book and the film are told in the medieval occasions. While our own is available twentieth century time. We drive vehicles, ride bicycles, or some even ride the transports. In the film and the book they had generally rode ponies, or strolled. In which a few cases a few people despite everything do walk currently to get to specific spots. The old ways are likewise the new routes in religion. Since we despite everything have confidence in the Christian ways, as they backed in the medieval occasions, however basically the English individuals put stock in this. They way they had lived in the medieval occasions, was that they lived generally in hard solid houses, or block houses. They would utilize lamps for their lights, or lights, some of the time even to remain warm they would assemble a little fire. Presently we simply manufacture our homes out of wood, however there are still some that are made out of cement and blocks. Most of houses are worked out of wood, and run on power, to warm the house, or to chill it off with the cooling. The main time that we light lamps or flames are the point at which we go out outdoors, so we bring kindling, and different equipment⠡â ¦s to cook with, for example, a little gas oven. <p

Analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 Essay

Taking a gander at the characters and language in Romeo and Juliet, break down the sensational viability in Act 3, Scene 5 William Shakespeare composed â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† in 1954, despite the fact that the essential plot can be followed back as ahead of schedule as the third century. In the play, Shakespeare depends intensely on the sonnet â€Å"The Tragicall History of Romeus and Juliet† by Arthur Brooke. A large portion of the individuals in the Elizabethan period were sufficiently discerning to focus on how the play was being performed and drawn in themselves in the language the characters were utilizing. Shakespeare’s crowds had various desires towards his play, the same number of them perceived the story as of now, they were sufficiently settled to watch it giving the dramatist’s translation end up being one of a kind and unique. I have been taking a gander at Act 3, Scene 5 where Romeo and Juliet have quite recently been covertly hitched. The scene opens with the two darlings separating rapidly after the Nurse illuminates Juliet her mom is quickly drawing closer. Effectively a sensational climate is made, the crowd is practically hanging tight for Romeo and Juliet to be gotten out, this they know can basically not occur. Juliet is naturally sad; Romeo is thoughtful towards her, indicating he truly thinks about her: â€Å"I will preclude no open door That will pass on my welcome, love, to thee† All this is in contrast with later scenes in the play demonstrating Juliet single and unsupported. Between the two sweethearts, there is an extraordinary distinction, Romeo shows up more idealistic than Juliet who is loaded with dread, detecting hunches of her next observing Romeo dead in a tomb. Her feelings influence the crowd, making them fearful and tense: â€Å"O God, I have an evil divining soul! Methinks I see thee, presently thou workmanship so low As one dead in the base of a tomb. † The crowd hears these brutal, extreme words and are helped to remember Romeo’s before surprising feeling that he would pass on youthful: â€Å"†¦. My brain misgives Some result not yet hanging in the stars†¦.. By come disgusting relinquish of less than ideal demise. † A chilling impact is made on those review the play as they begin to acknowledge and comprehend the importance of the two hunches. By thinking once again into prior scenes, emotional adequacy is made. Juliet utilizes language that shows how she is dreadful of how her existence with Romeo could without much of a stretch be crushed. She addresses him firmly, demonstrating a solid differentiation to her delicate words utilized already. The solid bond that has been made between the two sweethearts before the audience’s eyes is immediately going to be wrecked; pressure is made as an outcome of this inclination. This pressure continues and turns out to be immensely more prominent as the updates on County Paris’ proposition is first known about. The crowd watch, effectively mindful of the proposition, as the news is given to an amazingly stunned Juliet. They stand by restlessly for Juliet’s purpose as she learns of it, thus a sensational viability is thrown over them. The scene is made powerful by the utilization of incongruity from Lady Capulet. As Lady Capulet alludes to her â€Å"joyful tidings† and Juliet’s reaction is unexpectedly a satisfied one: â€Å"And euphoria comes well in such a poor time† But then the crowd sees the genuine explanation of Lady Capulet’s declaration and the faltering of the vital words ends up being profoundly sensational, â€Å"Shall cheerfully make thee there a happy bride† Juliet’s exceptional displeasure would make extraordinary dramatization in front of an audience, she shows her seething response well: â€Å"Now by Saint Peter’s church and Peter too He will not make me there a blissful lady of the hour! † Juliet’s reaction shows precisely how she is feeling about the issue; she doesn't keep down by any means. The crowd knows the difficulty she is confronting, one of plural marriage, they are profoundly included and demonstrate truly necessary compassion to Juliet. In the discussion that follows the cold and sharp language both Juliet and her mom utilized are compelling. The two sides address each other officially, Juliet calling Lady Capulet, â€Å"My Lady†, â€Å"Mother† where Lady Capulet calls Juliet â€Å"girl† and â€Å"child†. This doesn’t appear to be the language one would anticipate from an affectionate and cherishing family. This could prompt the end that Juliet’s relationship is a long way from the relationship she has with Romeo; an adoring and stable one. At the point when Lord Capulet goes into Juliet’s room, it ends up being an altogether emotional scene in view of the savagery and wrath depicted by Lord Capulet. He shows up in her room in an undermining way; his better half shows dread admonition us to anticipate the most noticeably terrible, â€Å"Here comes your dad. Let him know so yourself And perceive how he will take it at your hands. † Lord Capulet doesn't expect Juliet to defy him, he would essentially anticipate appreciative thanks and submission from his little girl. He depicts himself as somebody who is accustomed to getting his own particular manner and the way that he views himself as eminence stresses to his colossal self image and raised formal language,†Have you conveyed to our pronouncement? † He shows incredible excitement as he goes into Juliet’s room, he appears to be pleased with his arrangement and praises himself in front of an audience. Being the main man in front of an audience, he is demonstrating mastery and the crowd can see that he gets a kick out of the chance to be in charge. He makes the ladies apprehensive; his inside job in front of an audience shows this. The language that he utilizes is without a doubt sensational and viable. He offers conversation starters to Juliet, being sharp and short when he does so demonstrating how confounded he is, and he vociferously assaults his little girl overpowering her with various with various inquiries which she doesn't have the opportunity to reply, â€Å"How? Will she none? Doth she not give us much appreciated? † Capulet’s sentence development is cunningly incoherent stressing incredibly on his displeasure that is developing quickly. He shows a greater amount of an enthusiasm for figuring out how to address Juliet’s questions and his anxiety is more about his intelligence than the trouble of his solitary girl. He utilizes forceful terms to Juliet, † you greensickness carrion†, † youthful baggage†, the two models are extremely forceful and devegiating.

Promotional Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Limited time Strategy - Essay Example So as to augment deals volume and reach whatever number clients as could reasonably be expected, the organization will intend to utilize to a greater extent a ‘pull’ special methodology (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2008), pair with the ‘push’ procedure which will be progressively unpretentious. The point is to tempt the end clients to pull the EJ’s Innovation and More item from the maker or the wholesaler into their homes. Deals advancement in the principal period of the battle will be broad however will be observed intently. As this speaks to a cost that can be controlled, if the reaction of the clients is more than anticipated in specific urban communities or territories, deals advancements will be abridged in those regions. Pull Strategy With this system, the organization is wanting to contact a monstrous crowd, as has been characterized beforehand. Techniques will incorporate overwhelming TV, radio, print, on the web and bulletin promoting, particu larly in the significant urban areas everywhere throughout the U.S. The exceptional highlights of EJ’s Innovations and More workstations and PCs, for example, contact screen would be innovatively, yet just, publicized to the clients. Exceptional challenges would be publicized on the web and in print which would permit each ten thousandth client to get a PC or PC with any five extra highlights of his decision. Comparable strategies will proceed all through the crusade to pull in new clients to the item. The organization has plans to put resources into exchange publicizing and motivating forces to urge bolster organizations to push the new scope of workstations

The Four Rules of Exponents on the SAT

You can almost bet there will be an exponent problem on the SAT. In fact, you can bank on there being several. Here is what you got to know: #1: The base (it’s the big number) An exponent all alone would be nothing more than a tiny speck floating in space. Every exponent needs a base: : base 3 : base 2 #2: Don’t add the bases does NOT equal does NOT equal #3: When multiplying similar bases add the exponents #4: When taking an exponent to an exponent multiply the exponents does NOT equal Practice using these rules on questions in the College Board book and you should be ready for all the easy and medium level problems on the SAT.

Gutierrez Surname Meaning and Origin

Gutierrez is a patronymic name meaning son of Gutierre (son of Walter). Walter is a Gremanic name meaning he who rules, and Gutierre is the Spanish word meaning the same thing. Gutierrez is the 24th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings Gutierres, Guterrez, Guterres, Guterez, Guteres, Butierrez, Butierres Famous People With the Surname Gutierrez Esteban Manuel Gutià ©rrez Gutià ©rrez (born 1991): Mexican Formula One racing and Mercedes test driverRichard Gutierrez (born 1984): Filipino film and television actor and commercial modelRuffa Gutierrez (born 1974): Filipina actress, model and beauty queen, Ms. WorldLuis Vicente Gutià ©rrez (born 1953): U.S. politician from IllinoisSidney M. Gutierrez (born 1951): retired USAF colonel and NASA astronaut Genealogy Resources for the Surname Gutierrez 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Gutierrez Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Gutierrez surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Gutierrez query. FamilySearch - GUTIERREZ GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Gutierrez surname and its variations. Sources Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Canadas Ongoing Identity Crisis What Are We Now

Canada is really big, and this causes a unique problem. Canada has an identity crisis. The Spicer Commission (Spicer, 1991) showed us that by giving us the Canada Clause, essentially stating Canada is one nation and a dual nations, three nations and multicultural, centralized and decentralized. All of these identities are equally supported at different times in history. For example, directly following The Great Depression, public support for the Federal government was very high and Canada was described as obviously One Nation and very centralized (Canadiana, 2001-2005) . Alternatively, during the 1880s, the JCPC ruled in favour of the provinces in many major jurisdictional cases, giving the provinces more power and giving credit to Canada being a Compact Nation (Hodge v. the Queen, 1883). The question remains, however, what is Canadas identity now? That is what I seek to answer in this paper. I propose that Canada is in a transitional period involving multiple theories that must even tually end in a new theory of Canada. At this moment, based on the current political atmosphere, policies, and movements throughout Canada, I define Canada as being equal parts Trudeaus One Nation, Three Nations, a Compact Nation, and a Multi-Nation State. To defend this end, I will define each of the four nation theories I argue make up Canada at the moment: Compact theory, Three Nation, Trudeaus One Nation, and Multi-Nation. Using historical examples, I will give criteria for CanadaShow MoreRelatedRunning Head : The Housing Crisis1424 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: The housing Crisis in Canada 5 0.66%†. Immigration within Canada has a narrow range of destinations, between 1991-96, 61% of the immigrants settled within Toronto or Vancouver. 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Taxation Rulings And Fringe Benefit Tax †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Taxation Rulings And Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment? Answer: Introducation As determined under taxation rulings of MT 2027 under sub section 136 (1), the use of the assessable income will be considered based on the private usage. Despite of this, as per sub-section 136 (1), has stated on the various types of the operating cost as per the valuation method has been used in the business and the same has been stated with the private use made by the associate or the employees. As per the paragraph 3, the different types of the Miscellaneous Taxation Ruling is required for the business in terms of recording in the logbook and the same has been seen as an identical form of the document for the use in the private use of a car and the same has been applied as per the operating cost methodology. It has been further determined that the different types of the consideration made in the taxation has been based on the travelling distance of Charlie with more than 50,000 km relating to work. The operational cost model is applicable for the determination of the fringe benef it of the car and the same has been complied with the sub-section 136 (1) of the Miscellaneous Taxation Rulings of 2027 (Australian Trade Commission, 2015). The main question has been seen in terms of the determination of taxation arise out of the business and personal use. Henceforth, the car used by the employee was taken exclusively in course in generating the assessable income of the employee. The various considerations has been taken with various factors in assessing of the income which needs to be produced as per the assessable income and done as per sub section 136 (1). The study has further followed the course of employment that has been able to provide the various types of the business activity carried with the employment activity of the employee constituted with the use of FBT. In addition to this, the car made by the associate has been taken into consideration with the business which is carried out in a similar fashion and considered for the purpose of business use. As per the given in the case, Charlie has made use of the vehicle at the time of his employment and this has been carried out with the business activities. Charlie has been further seen to use the car in the production of the assessable income of the employee and the same has been able to attract Fringe benefit Tax. The various types of the test has been further seen to be based on the as per both private and business for FBT and the same has been seen to be applicable with assessing the deductibility rationale under section 51 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. Different types of the evidences has been inferred from use of car by the use of employment and the same needs to be considered as per the deductions of income tax. The determination of the various types the difference among the business use and private use has been seen with the use of present case Charlie and the same needs to be evaluated as per the deductions allowable for the income tax (Australian Government, 2015). The various types of the consideration has been further seen to be consistent with the guidelines derived from the Miscellaneous Taxation Rulings of 2027 and the different types of the principles has been further seen to be applied based on the income tax. The various types of the rulings of the taxation has been further seen to be assessed on the different types of the rulings stated under Sub-division F of Division 3 of the income tax in terms of car expenses incurred and the aspect which needs to be considered for the income tax determination. The tax ruling has been seen to be based on the determination as per taxation rulings of IT 112 and the decision needs to be held as per the given case of Lunney and Hayley v FCT (1958). The circumstance related to the same has been considered as per the various consideration of ordinary private travel. The different types of the consideration relating to travel to work is considered as a mandatory requirement for the assessment of the income and this aspect cannot be considered in the course income and earnings. Hence, the distance travelled by Charlie needs to be considered as private and the aspect that he has made use of during his employment. It further needs to be considered that the various types of the other aspects related itinerant nature of the employment. The main reference of the case has been further seen to be taken based on the Newsom v Robertson (1952) 2 All ER 728; (1952), the cost consideration has been considered with Charlie in travelling from home to the place o f work and the cost involved in the same. It has been further discerned that the court has been able to acknowledge the travel expense which has been considered in travelling from home to the chambers or to various courts in course of the day has not amounted to the expenses (Hosking, 2016). Employment duties of an Itinerant Nature: It has been discerned that for a long time, travel of employee from home may be constituted as a business travel on such a situation where the individual is seen to be unemployed and is inherently itinerant. As per the case of Simon in Taylor v Provan (1975) AC 194, the travel of Charlie has been considered as employment travel as the travel has been considered as the fundamental part of his work. Moreover, the employment terms of Charlie is required to discharge the various types of the employment duties considered more than once based on the place of employment (Australian Taxation Office, 2015). It has been further seen that as per the FBT Act 1986, Charlie was seen to be using the car of the employer partly used for employment purpose and partly used for private usage. Charlie has been further seen to incur the costs such as cost of repairs, registration, insurance and maintenance. Henceforth, for the purpose of FBT deductions Charlie will be able to claim the various types of the work related portion of the cost as it was utilised for producing the assessable income (Taylor et al.,, 2015). Car parking fringe benefit: The car parking fringe benefit has been seen to be considered as per employers parking based on the following conditions: The car has been parked in the premise and the same was seen to be owned or leased under the control of provider The car had been seen to be parked exceeding four hours The vehicle has been leased or owned as per the control of employee The vehicle was given in respect to the employment of the employee The car has been further seen to be used as per the travel between work and home for minimum of one day The same has been further seen to be evident with the aforementioned conditions. It has been discerned that Charlie has parked his car at a secure area of parking which has been considered from the employer and for the same Shine Homes has made a payment of $ 200 every week. The main consideration has been further able to show that the car was parked in the garage of Charlie and the same was under the control of the provider. The vehicle was further provided to Charlie as per the terms of his employment. In addition to this, Charlie was able to use the car for travelling from home to work every day. Henceforth, the fringe will arise as per the deductions claimed with Charlie and Homes with parking fees paid on behalf of the employee (Devos, 2014). FBT on accommodation: As per the Fringe Benefit Tax Act 1986, the main form of the provision has been represented with the entertainment in form of accommodation, drink or recreation which is in connection to the entertainment. As evident from the case stud, Charlie has encountered with a minor accident was not able to use the vehicle for a total period of 2 weeks. This has been further seen to be taken based on the wedding of Charlie and Shine Holmes, who under took the decision for hiring of the car for that particular period and allow Charlie to attend his honeymoon (Grantley Taylor Richardson, 2013). The present circumstance has been further seen to be considered as per the fringe benefit provision for tax, which has been able to attract the tax liability for the entertainment of the employees and the non employees for a weekend, thereby offering them a holiday. As per the given situation it has been further seen that the different types of the rulings and the timing of the fringe benefit and the ins talment of fringe benefit has been taken into consideration based on subsection 51 (1). As per the rulings of taxation TR 94/25, the fringe benefit instalments is generally considered as per generating assessable income seen to take place in conducting the business activities and the amount of the same are seen to be deductible as per subsection 51 (1) of the ITAA (Meng, 2014). The liability associated to the Fringe Benefit Tax for Shine Homes have taken place with the various types of the common wealth legislations. As per section 5 of the Fringe Benefit Tax Act 1986, tax is seen to be generally imposed based on the various considerations made as per the FBT of an employer outstanding in a particular year. As per the reference Tubemakers of Australia Ltd v. FC of T93the fringe benefit sum needs to be composed with the total amount incurred with the numerous FBT provided to Charlie by Shine Homes (DAscenzo, 2015). As per the given scenario, it has been further seen to be evident that the consideration various types of the expenses such as honeymoon accommodation, parking fees, hiring cost and the expenses incurred in producing or gaining of the taxable income. The main consideration of this has been seen with the compliance with subsection 51 (1) of the ITAA 1997 and the expenses which has taken place in gaining or produced with the assessable income for carrying of a business and this needs to be considered with the deductible expenses (ATO, 2016). Conclusion The important considerations of the study have been able to highlight on the different types of the benefits based on fringe benefit and the same is seen to be taxable as per FBT Act 1986. The study has been further able to show the relevant case laws and sections which is related to the car fringe benefit. The use of the vehicle by Charlie has been constituted on accordance to the production of the assessable income from the employee and the same is seen to attract high amount of Fringe Benefit Tax. Reference List: ATO. (2016). Luxury car tax. Australian Tax Office, 5. Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Luxury-car-tax/ Australian Government. (2015). Australian Taxation Office. Registerting for GST. Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/GST/Registering-for-GST/ Australian Taxation Office. (2015). Yearly reports and returns | Australian Taxation Office. Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Yearly-reports-and-returns/ Australian Trade Commission. (2015). Australian Business Taxes. Retrieved from https://www.austrade.gov.au/International/Invest/Guide-to-investing/Running-a-business/Understanding-Australian-taxes/Australian-business-taxes DAscenzo, M. (2015). Modernising the Australian Taxation Office: Vision, people, systems and values. eJournal of Tax Research, 13(1), 361377. Devos, K. (2014). Do penalties and enforcement measures make taxpayers more compliant?- The view of Australian tax evaders. Journal of Business Economics, 5(2), 265284. Retrieved from https://www.academicstar.us Hosking, A. (2016). Australian Taxation Office adds voice authentication to its app. Biometric Technology Today. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-4765(16)30038-8 Meng, S. (2014). How may a carbon tax transform Australian electricity industry? A CGE analysis. Applied Economics, 46(8), 796812. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2013.854302 Rootes, C. (2014). A referendum on the carbon tax? The 2013 Australian election, the Greens, and the environment. Environmental Politics, 23(1), 166173. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2014.878088 Taylor, G., Richardson, G. (2013). The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 22(1), 1225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2013.02.005 Taylor, G., Richardson, G., Taplin, R. (2015). Determinants of tax haven utilization: Evidence from Australian firms. Accounting and Finance, 55(2), 545574. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12064

Self-esteem an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Self-esteem Personality trait has long been the subject of many research studies. But perhaps, the most discussed personality trait that has generated a considerable amount of theoretical and empirical research is the topic of self-esteem. This paper seeks to further examine the nature of self-esteem through new conceptualizations of its properties and dimensions, and to explore how these new ideas in self-esteem research impact on a specific area of psychological well-being an inpiduals vulnerability to depression. Need essay sample on "Self-esteem" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed First, self-esteems definition is examined. According to Rosenberg (1965), self-esteem is the evaluation which the inpidual makes and customarily maintains with regard to himself; it expresses an attitude of approval or disapproval (p. 5). Most researchers who investigate self-esteem utilize this definition as a starting point for their own definition of self-esteem. Coopersmith (1967) states that self-esteem is the component of the self-concept that refers to .ones feelings of self-worth. Holland and Andre (1994) explains that self-esteem is how an inpidual perceive the value or sense of worth about their selves. As it is, self-esteem can be best defined as an inpiduals feelings of self-worth or self-regard. While it is necessary to define self-esteem, it is equally important to acknowledge the motivational aspect of self-esteem (especially this investigation deals with depression). Gecas (1991) maintains that because an inpidual has a self-concept, he will be motivated to maintain and enhance it, to conceive of it as efficacious and consequential, and to experience it as meaningful and real (p. 174). Gecas further explains that one way a person can do this is through the self-esteem motive. The self-esteem motive refers to a persons desire to view ones self favourably and behave in such a way that will maintain or enhance a favorable view of ones self. In short, self-esteem can be motivational. Motivation is that which gives direction to action and intensity and persistence to the directed action. Taking these two definitions into account, it can be said that a persons level of self-esteem dictates what types of behaviour that particular person may engage in. With this motivational aspect of self-esteem develops a debate that has long been the interest of many researches. There has been a long standing debate on the impact of self-esteem to an inpiduals psychological well-being, especially his vulnerability to depression. According to Whitley (1983), self-esteem is related to psychological well-being both empirically and theoretically; that is, high self-esteem is seen by clinicians to be a healthy and desirably characteristic and that many literatures has examined the connection of self-esteem to depression, anxiety, poor general adjustment, and self-referral to mental health professionals. One position in this debate sees self-esteem as a powerful influence on inpidual health and stability. Research in depression provides an example of evidence for a hypothesized protective factor of high self-esteem against the development of symptomatology. Although Becks (1967) theory of depression does not seem to be as emphatic on the idea that high self-esteem is a protective factor; it does suggest that low self-esteem results in a type of vulnerability to depressive symptoms. Beck also records the common finding people suffering from depression commonly express negative feelings about themselves, specifically feelings of worthlessness. A negative evaluation of the self forms one leg of Becks primary cognitive triad of depressive symptoms where the depressed inpidual not only sees himself as inferior, but he dislikes himself for it (p. 259). A connection between level of self-esteem and coexisting depressive symptoms has been recorded across many studies. Many researchers in psychology have adopted this position. Feathers (1985) study of the relations among gender roles, self-esteem, and depressions suggested that self-esteem may be as much as construction of Western, inpidualized culture as are masculinity and femininity. Feather found the widely reported negative correlation between masculinity and depression disappeared when the effects of self-esteem were controlled. This suggested that masculinity and self-esteem might reflect the same construct. Thus, according to Feather, ...self-esteem may reflect in part the dominant masculine values of Western-type cultures (p. 491). Thus, traits researchers attributed to self-esteem were in fact the same traits that researchers attributed to masculinity. Thus one who is masculine, goal- or action-oriented is reinforced for reflecting dominant cultural goals and by virtue of those traits is said to have high self-esteem. It is, however, still unclear as to what is assigned the protective factor against depression high self-esteem or adoption of male-oriented socially supported roles. In 1993, Andrews and Brown compared Rosenbergs (1965) SES to their interview measure. They called their measure the Self Evaluaton and Social Support scale (SESS). The SESS was designed to measure positive and negative self-evaluation using scales measuring personal attributes, role performance, and self-acceptance across occupational, domestic and interpersonal contexts. Andrews and Brown reported that the interview measure was more successful at predicting subsequent depression due to its focus on specific dimensions of self-dissatisfaction for each inpidual. Each interview was conducted by a researcher who gathered facts and coded emotional tone, salience, and frequency of positive and negative comments. This meant the interviewer was responsible for judging the relevance of information and emotional context for inclusion into the data set, comparing them with anchors, and then making ratings of self-esteem for the inpidual. This is clearly a more fluid, state-based approach to self-esteem. Andrews and Brown contrast this approach to the trait-based self-report questionnaires, which they hypothesize are handicapped by their demands on reliability and comparability of item responses across inpiduals. They argue that this focus of the trait-based measures is not sensitive to specific abilities or domain that have salience to the inpidual subject. However, since previous research demonstrates that the prediction of depressive symptoms from level of self-esteem is inconsistent, many researchers have begun looking at a different aspect of self-esteem for a better definition of its relationship with vulnerability to depressive symptoms. This they called the lability of self-esteem. Self-esteem lability is the tendency of an inpiduals self-esteem to fluctuate over time in response to environmental or social influences (Butler, Hokanson & Flynn, 1994). Butler et al. (1994) found that self-esteem lability is a better index of vulnerability to depression than trait or level-bases self-esteem (whether self-esteem is high or low). This research suggested that self-esteem lability interacts with daily events to produce depressive symptoms wherein an inpidual with labile self-esteem had a higher reactivity to life stressors than an inpidual with a more stable sense of self-esteem. Whisman and Kwon (1993) examined the role of self-esteem and hopelessness to life stress and dysphoria. They assessed eighty undergraduates on self-esteem, hopelessness, and dysphoria and reassessed them after three months on life events, daily hassles, hopelessness, and dysphoria (Whisman and Kwon, 1993). They found a significant association between residual change in dysphoria and self-esteem, life stress and an extreme interaction of both. Furthermore, they found that residual change in hopelessness mediated the relations between residual change in dysphoria and both self-esteem and life stress (Whisman and Kwon, 1993, abstract). These studies provide a reasonably solid basis upon which to advance the idea that self-esteem lability has a strong connection with vulnerability to depression. The models generally proposed using self-esteem lability follow a diathesis-stress structure in which an inpidual carries some kind of vulnerability to depressive symptoms that, while predisposing him to a depressive illness, will not develop into depression unless triggered by the correct environmental stressors. The vulnerability to illness is not enough to trigger expression of symptoms. Vulnerability and stressor must both be present at sufficient levels and interact to produce depressive symptoms. The existing research literature is generally supportive of the role of social self-esteem in prediction of depressive symptoms. Many models of depressive vulnerability use the concept of reliance upon external sources for self-esteem or social comparison as a diathesis for future illness. However, there are substantive differences for the relation of personal relevance of this concept. For inpiduals endorsing low levels of social esteem relevance, depressive symptoms were predicted by adverse events and an interaction of social self-esteem and self-esteem lability. Further analysis of the relation between the variables in this interaction term revealed a negative relationship between these variables. This would suggest that for inpiduals endorsing low relevance of social self-esteem, high levels of lability may have a predictive relationship with depressive symptoms when those inpiduals experience low levels of self-esteem derived from social sources. For inpiduals endorsing high relevance of social esteem, depressive symptoms were predicted through an interaction of social self-esteem level and adverse events. While exploratory at this time, these findings would seem to leave little doubt that social self-esteem and its centrality to the inpidual have important effects in a model of vulnerability to depressive symptoms. References Andrews, B., & Brown, G. W. (1993). Self-esteem and vulnerability to depression: The concurrent validity of interview and questionnaire measures. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 565-572. B.E. Whitley, J. (1983). Sex role orientation and self-esteem: A critical meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(765-778). Beck, A. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. London: Staples. Butler, A. C., Hokanson, J. E., & Flynn, H. A. (1994). A comparison of self-esteem lability and low trait self-esteem as vulnerability factors for depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 166-177. Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. Feather, N. T. (1985). Masculinity, femininity, self-esteem, and subclinical depression. Sex Roles, 12, 491-500. Gecas, V. (1991). The self-concept as a basis for a theory of motivation. In J. A. Howard & P. L. Callero (Eds.), The self-society dynamic: Cognition, emotion, and action (pp. 171-187). New York: Cambridge University Press. Holland, A., & Andre, T. (1994). The relationship of self-esteem to selected personal and environmental resources of adolescents. 29(114), 345-360. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Whisman, M. A., & Kwon, P. (1993). Life stress and dysphoria: The role of self-esteem and hopelessness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(5), 1054-1060.

Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms Essay Example

Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms Essay Example Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms Paper Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms Paper A Situation comedy or sit-com as we know is based on real life non-fictional events and situations. There are many different elements that make sit-coms what they are. Sit-coms tend to revolve around two basic situations, within these situations, comedy is generated. These situations are usually located at home with family and at work. Some main sitcoms at present are Friends, My family and Alley Mcbeal. The family is portrayed as a stable situation able to bear the outside world because its strength comes from within. Despite the audience expectations a sit-com episode is mostly a self-contained classical narrative and is set in the same way. The settings tend to be interiors; this is usually because it is filmed in front of a live audience so they cant go from place to place. This also keeps down the cost of set construction and location shooting which makes sit-coms so appealing to television companies. The plots also tend to be based around very few characters. The characters themselves tend to be over exaggerated, stereotypical people, typical examples: The smart, witty, sarcastic character e. g. Chandler in Friends, Fraiser and Niles in Fraiser. There are usually un-intelligent and a not so bright, and there is usually somebody attractive whether it is a male or female to appeal to everyone. I will do a comparison of a British and American sitcom and see how their conventions work, based Fawlty Towers and Friends. During the mid 50s rivalry developed between the BBC and the fairly recently launched ITV. ITV was broadcasting the popular American sitcom called I Love Lucy, the BBC soon found that it was loosing viewers to ITV and therefore boosted production of sitcoms that include: Hancocks Half Hour, Dads army, Fawlty Towers, Porridge and many more which are still popular today. I love Lucy sparked off the production off these British sitcoms and maybe if it hadnt been broadcasted here in Britain then probably none of these famous British sitcoms would have been made. These sitcoms, however, differ quite significantly due to the country, which they originate from. The difference is due to the countrys culture and social background; we can explore this by viewing an American sitcom, Friends, and a British sitcom, Fawlty Towers. Fawlty Towers and Friends are two very successful sitcoms but if we investigate further into the two we find that they both have different impacts on the audience as some methods of creating humour differ. One of the main differences of the two, outside of creating humour, is that they are both based in different countries and different times. Friends is based on the youthful, vibrant city of New York, USA based in the late 90s, whereas Fawlty Towers is based in the retired, quiet town of Torquay based in the mid 70s. I will investigate both sitcoms by analysing each using characterisation, types of humour used, plot and mis-en-sci ne. Mis-en-sci ne is looking at how the sitcom is constructed, by setting, props, non-verbal communication and dress codes. Fawlty Towers is based in Torquay and is a hotel run by Basil Fawlty and his wife Sybil Fawlty also two other main characters are Polly and Manual who work at the hotel. Basil is a comic but key character; he plays a vital role in fawlty towers, Basil addresses a sarcastic approach most of the time when he is frustrated, worried or angered; when things do not go his way, and also when talking to people that he considers less respected than him e. g. : Manual, Polly etc. He also has the perfect image of what fawlty towers should be: successful and popular especially with the higher class. This causes him to constantly think about himself and the reputation of himself and the hotel. The humour which basil creates is usually physical; he is a tall man and walks with strides, which makes him stand out from everyone else. Sybil, Basils wife, who seems to be authoritative and firm with Basil this maybe due to the fact that she is usually more friendly and therefore more popular with guests and staff therefore they look up to her, more so than Basil. Basil also may be afraid that she might leave him and to prevent this he tries to be kind and obeys her commands but usually frustration or confusion get in the way which may create humour. Sybil herself is an elegant and well-presented woman, the fact that she is married to Basil, who may be the complete opposite, makes the sitcom more entertaining as it causes great confusion, lack of communication which leads to arguments between the couple which all create humour in different ways. Polly is a young well-mannered girl working temporarily at the hotel. She is polite and acts respectful to guests and staff a lot like Sybil but with a lot less experience of working in a hotel. The fact that she is a lot like Sybil again causes a slight inability to communicate to Basil, as he differs greatly, especially in front of guests, which creates humour. Polly is the youngest in the Fawlty Towers and lacks experience in the Hotel Business because of this she is usually ignored by Basil who considers her to be incapable of thinking of good ideas and doing things no matter how hard she works. Although she is the youngest main character in Fawlty Towers, she is actually not that young compared to Friends. This shows us that Friends is aimed at the youthful generation where as Fawlty Towers is aimed at the older generation. Fawlty Towers produces many different types of humour purely due to the characteristics of the main characters. If one of the characters were taken out of fawlty towers it wouldnt be able to achieve all of the types of humour it currently contains. For example, Basils role in the sitcom is to provide verbal wit, ludicrous and preposterous humour. Without this role its unlikely he could have made Fawlty Towers so popular. The humour used is very corny however is what works to make the audience want more, we hear canned laughter which also takes place a lot in Friends to prove when the audience should laugh and find something funny there is a laughter in the background. Friends is an organic plot. This means that the plots are not in such strict logic or structure, because of this it is apparent that we drop in every week to observe how each character is coping with their private lives and what they do in certain situations. The impression is given that the characters are there all the time but we view them at an unstructured and unedited part of their daily lives. This may be the case with friends but it is not, however, with fawlty towers. In fawlty towers the whole episode is based around a certain event and only, usually, contains one narrative whereas friends contains two or three narratives. In Friends various characters can relate to characters in friends; Joey and maybe Phoebe can relate to Manuel as they all create humour without meaning to. Chandler can relate to Basil as they both create sarcasm, irony and verbal wit therefore creating humour purposefully. Joey is a comic and youthful character as his main role in the sitcom is to create humour. This contrast of characteristics among the characters makes the sitcom more entertaining rather then them all being all the same which would make it less interesting as their lives would be similar. There are no main characters in Friends unlike Fawlty towers where the episode is normally set around Basil. In friends all of the characters are equal, there are exactly three girls and three boys and what one character has another one lacks. For example Joey is not clever but is fashionable and is a womaniser where as Chandler is clever but is not much of a womaniser. Both Friends and Fawlty Towers have the catchy theme tune in the beginning to set the scene, which gets the audience going before they start watching the sitcom. The aim of a sitcom is to make an audience laugh, by using stereotypes the viewer finds the characters funny due to them doing actions or saying something that reminds them of themselves or someone they know. The main contents of a successful sitcom are the characters, the way each character interacts with one another with a sitcom, the audience gets to know the characters, and know what to expect from them. The setting of a sitcom is generally in a similar environment that most people would go to, e. g. Scrubs is based in the workplace, Men Behaving Badly is set in a flat and the characters from Friends either meet up in a cafi or in their apartments.

Super size me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Super size me - Essay Example Over a 30-day period, Spurlock further stops any and all exercise routines to further reflect the impact of McDonalds foods on human physiology. Outside of the physical effects, the film illustrates how the media impacts consumers to reflect what Spurlock believes is an unacceptable method of coercing Americans to indulge in fast food. Throughout the course of the film, Spurlock examines several decades worth of television commercials released by McDonalds since the 1970s, in order to depict how the media is able to coerce both children and adults into eating at the fast food chain. These commercials depict playful animated characters, who dance and sing with the prospect of being taken to McDonalds to indulge in greasy food (Sowers, 2006). From a psychological perspective, Spurlock comes to realize that McDonalds is using visual imagery, in the pursuit of stimulating a pleasurable connection between the fast food company and its menu items. Further, in the film, the well-known character, Ronald McDonald, is shown as a leader to children, engaging in pleasurable activities such as community basketball and various sporting events. This tends to indicate, to a less-sophisticated person in terms of identifying media influences, that McDonalds is a community-minded organization and that implicit trust should be given to the chain because of their charming spokesperson. Outside of the visual imagery, Spurlock further points out non-print media attempts to build a stronger loyalty to McDonalds with the insertion of signs and banners, all over the United States (and released by McDonalds), which promote the need to super size meals. Supersizing involves increasing the food portions by a significant margin, thus increasing the fat and caloric value of the food. Though Spurlock is somewhat biased in his approach to the film, he maintains a

Condition Monitoring Photovoltaic Energy Systems-based reliability Research Paper

Condition Monitoring Photovoltaic Energy Systems-based reliability - Research Paper Example Major PV Modules and Types Solar energy is considered as a major basis of renewable and sustainable power which can be effectively generated through the utilisation of the PV method. The PV system consists of constructing blocks which are also termed as modules or cells that are connected together and is able to transform ‘sunlight into electricity’. According to Chow, PV system generates low Green House Gas (GHG) emission and is also recognised as a clean basis of energy. PV system is developed by assimilating variety of semiconductor materials so as to generate power with high capacity. There are four major types of PV modules which are ‘crystalline silicon’, ‘polycrystalline’, ‘amorphous silicon module’ and ‘thin-film module’. Every PV modules have diverse efficiencies owing to which the overall performance of these PV modules tend to rely on the ingredients as well as the operating situations based on various factor s such as temperature, intensity of solar radioactivity and the inclusive design of the system. Furthermore, the orientation and location of PV array also creates a significant impact on the electricity production capacity through the usage of solar energy depending on the weather conditions. The four major types of PV modules, i.e. crystalline silicon, polycrystalline, amorphous silicon and thin film (Chow, â€Å"Modeling Urban Solar Energy with High Spatiotemporal Resolution†). As stated by Mangersnes, Crystalline PV modules are frequently specified as being the most reliable component of the PV system. This presumable reliability is demonstrated through its large warranty periods. Crystalline Silicon PV is the most extensively used PV technology. It is developed through solar cells made by ‘crystalline silicon’. This type of cells is equipped with high level of affectivity and thus is also regarded as an interesting technology. In general, there are two kinds of solar cells which are ‘mono-crystalline silicon’ and ‘multi-crystalline silicon’. Mono-crystalline silicon is developed by cutting wafers from high clarity single crystal lump. Similarly, the multi-crystalline silicon is developed by cutting a cast tablet of silicon into blocks and wafers. In general, mono-crystalline silicon cells have much higher effectiveness in comparison to multi-crystalline silicon solar cells. The crystal type module usually applied for this technology is iron glass which is combined with anti-reflective layer, to make sure that the maximum solar radioactivity spreads to the crystalline solar cells and thus the energy generating capacity can be enhanced (Mangersnes, â€Å"Back-contacted Back-junction Silicon Solar Cells†). Polycrystalline PV modules include small silicon glass pieces. Polycrystalline is generally used for developing gate constituents in semiconductor devices. Polycrystalline modules are most commonly used f or generating electricity, as it is considered to be quite inexpensive in comparison with other PV modules. The reason for polycrystalline modules to be inexpensive is owing to its production procedure. In the production process of polycrystalline, the melted silicon is dispensed into a cast rather than into one single crystal. The components of polycrystallin

Covey Principles Essay Example for Free

Covey Principles Essay In a society where everything is quick-fix and modeled after the fast food restaurant it is no surprise that corporate America faces the current dilemma of failing management and disinformation. Covey reminds us we must be willing to get personally involved with our job, life, family, and so on. This essay will discuss four principles needed not only in business but everyday life as well; Security, Guidance, Wisdom, and Power. Security does not mean what it used to twenty years ago. In times past, a hand shake could seal a business deal. Now, there are multiple copies of signed pages holding each party to their word. Also, a man was as good as his word in years gone by. Today it is more difficult to establish some level of trust enough to do business on a long term basis. Identity and personal integrity are just a couple of the issues that have to be proven to potential business partners. Identity plays such an important role in every day life that if we are not yet established as a person who knows themselves others will take notice. Not only is it difficult to perform in the business world, but the lack of this character trait can significantly hurt any personal relationship we hope to gain. There are various degrees of security which are, for the most part, dictated to us by the circumstance in life. However, being human, we have the ability to control how our integrity is substantiated. If we are careful when approaching this aspect of our daily lives we will soon be known as a person others can trust. This is security. Not just security for business prospects, but in the day to day grind of every-man-for-himself it will be the defining factor of all of our relationships. We can gain a great deal of insight on life if we develop a secure lifestyle. This mode of living guides us to the next principle of the four I mentioned above. The direction we receive in life is also a choice we make and comes from all the different forms of information that we allow to infiltrate our minds. It is inevitably this that shapes who we become. Covey recognizes this and offers a lot of practical insights for those who are brave enough to live life to its fullest. A person can live either on the low, middle, or the high end of this continuum. The low ultimately causes an individual to focus on themselves and what’s in it for them. Self-centered people are an example of this end of the continuum. Those focusing on traditions or human institutions are the result of the middle continuum. Then there are people who are inspired and inspire others to reach their potential in life. We choose the type of guidance we follow. Some may think that circumstance dictates their guidance, but it is impossible for anyone to be on a certain level of the continuum without consciously choosing to do so. We may not want to accept that as a truth, but the proof is easily seen by the manner of our lives. People who try to control the information shaping their lives are the people Covey calls wise. To have balance in life is to be able to see things as they really are and not to allow the facade of humanistic attitudes to dictate our life responses. Everything from inaccurate life maps to fuzzy principles will make fools of us all, and will be the source of all our frustrations. Judgment and comprehension can add a level of success in life that is measured not by income alone, but also by friends and family relationships. Things that might bring temporary pleasure are fleeting and the wise seek pleasure that is true joy. Joy gives an ability to adjust to life and recognize any power that we might possess. Power is only a good thing if coupled with wisdom and can be described as the authority with which we act. The best way to see if the power you exercise is truly helpful is to hear others’ opinions of you. While it is not recommended that you live your life or change any aspect of it by the things you hear, it can bring satisfaction or warning if rightly interpreted. People with power are demonstrative, yet not in an offensive manner. The true character of man is best told when he is alone. This is where the true power an individual possesses is recognized. These four principles; security, guidance, wisdom, and power, have given many people a large number of satisfying days at work and at home. I like to think they have influenced my life to enable me to make logical, sensible and wise choices knowing that these choices will determine my lot in life. At this venture of my life, though, it is wisdom that dictates where I go intellectually and helps me choose those things that are wholesome and right for me. Even with all the mistakes I make in life, wisdom continues to grow in me and helps guide future actions. References Covey, Stephen R. (October 1, 1992). Principle Centered Leadership. 1st edition. New York, NY: Fireside, imprint of Simon Schuster.

Mother Daughter Relationships - Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club :: Joy Luck Club Essays

Mothers and Daughters in The Joy Luck Club The first three stories in this section are talking about the relationship between mothers and daughters and the last one is concluding the whole book "The Joy Luck Club".   By examining this section, there is one moral in these four stories, which is the relationship between daughters and mothers, is very strong and mothers and daughters have similar fate and face.   The plots in these four stories can prove the moral above.   In "Magpies", when An-mei hsu thinks about her daughter's marriage is fallen apart, she recalls her mother and how she followed her mother to Tientsin.   An-mei also recalls the conflict between her mother, Wu Tsing and Second wife of Wu Tsing.   She remembers how Second wife lied to her mother and how Wu Tsing forced her mother to become his Fourth wife.   Finally, An-mei's mother died by taking too much opium.   An-mei realizes her mother's situation is as same as her daughter, both of them cannot save their lives very well and they like magpies.   In "Waiting between the Trees", Ying-Ying St. Clair recalls her story in the childhood, when she sees signs in her daughter's house.   Ying-Ying recalls how was her first marriage, how she met her first husband and final result on her first marriage.   Ying-Ying also talks about her birth year of Tiger and the relationship between she and Clifford St. Clair and how both of them become equally. Ying-Ying realizes the relationship between her and Clifford St. Clair is also as same as her daughter and her husband.   Ying-Ying also talks that her daughter is as same as a Tiger.   At the end, Yin-Yin know her daughter will go upstairs when her daughter fight with her husband and she will wait for her coming.   In "Double Face", when Lindo Jong looks at her daughter's face, she compares American faces and Chinese faces.   Lindo Jong recalls what her mother had told her fortune by looking her face.   She also remembers how she moves to America and she realizes that her face becomes American face already.   In "A pair of Ticket", Jing-Mei Woo talks about her feeling before she meet her two sisters.   Also, Jing-Mei talks about the meeting in the Airport with her father and aunt.   In the meeting, Jing-Mei's father talks about Jing-Mei's mother and how she escaped when Japanese came to China and how she leaves her two daughters on the rail.

E-Tourism in Sri Lanaka

E-Tourism In Sri Lanka E-Commerce Infrastructure University Collage Dublin Student Name: Madushanka W. H. M Student Number: 11294574 E-mail: madawa. [email  protected] com About Sri Lanka Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka commonly known as the pearl of the Indian Ocean or as Ceylon is one of the exquisite Island in the world Sri Lanka set in the Indian Ocean in south Asia near to the equator which is a great home to 8 UNESCO world heritage sites.Not only that this great Island has unspoiled beaches, waterfalls, pure rivers, 15 national wildlife parks, lagoons with indigenous aquatic birds, 250 acres of botanical gardens, hot water wells and so many unique things. Because Sri Lanka is a multinational country; Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Moors, Indian Tamil, Sri Lankan Tamil, all these ethical groups lives in this small Island. Sri Lanka is a place where the original soul of Buddhism still flourishes (Buddhist 69. %) but it is not a problem to friendly people in this country becau se there are Muslims (7. 6%), Hindu (7. 1%), Christian (6. 2%) & some other religions people living happily within area of 65,610Km. Country has three main geological divisions. In the lowlands, up to an altitude of 100m to 150m, the mean annual temperature various between 26. 5 0C to 28. 5 0C. In the highlands, the temperature falls quickly as the altitude increases. The mean annual temperature of Nuwara Eliya, at 1800 m sea level, is 15. 9 0C.The coldest month of the country is January, and the warmest months are April and August. Agriculture plays an important role in Sri Lankan economy. Main agricultural product is rice but Tea, Rubber & coconut brings more foreign currency to the Island not only that but also Spices export brings foreign money as well. Sri Lanka's economy today is mainly based on the service and industrial sector. However Tourism and the related services industries are also growing in Sri Lanka. Madushanka W. H. M 11294574 madawa. [email  protected] com What is E-TourismWhen we consider about manual processes regarding tourism, there are so many things including air ticket or Cruise ticket reservation, hotel reservation not only that every person must need to obtain a permission before entering to a country (Visa). Just think if a tourist or travel agency had to do all those things manually; definitely it will take nearly one month or more. So E-tourism is the best option for all those time taken processes. It’s a combination of e-commerce and tourism & it helps to maximizing the efficiency of tourism sector.Tourism has closely been connected to progress of ICTs for over 30 years. The establishments of the Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs) in the 1970s, Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) in the late 1980s and the Internet in the late 1990s have transformed operational and strategic practices dramatically in tourism (Buhalis, 2003; Buhalis & Law, 2008). The tourism industry at first focused on utilizing computerized systems (e. g. , CRS, GDS) to increase efficiency in processing of internal information and managing distribution.Nowadays, the Internet and ICTs are relevant on all operative, structural, strategic and marketing levels to facilitate global interaction among suppliers, intermediaries and consumers around the world (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Egger & Buhalis, 2008). E-tourism is a really great concept because it includes business management, information systems & management and the tourism. As an example it has main electronic business functions such as e-commerce, e-marketing, e-accounting etc http://www. srilankan. aero/welcome. html? local e=en_us. ttp://www. srilankan. aero/welcome. html? local e=en_ushttp://www. srilankan. aero/welcome. ht ml? locale=en_ushttp://www. srilankan. aero/wel come. html? locale=en_us. srilankan. aero/welco me. html? locale=en_us http://www. starcruises. com/newweb/homepage. aspx Madushanka W. H. M 11294574 madawa. [email  protected] com Key Players In E-tourism E-tou rism provides great opportunities for numerous key players in tourism industry to expand their businesses. Also because of the E-tourism numbers of new players have come into the tourism industry.Mainly there are several key players; 1. 2. 3. 4. Airlines Hotels Tour operators 7 Travel Agencies Particular country(In here Sri Lanka) 1. Airlines When we considering about the airlines long time ago reservations were made by using a manual process. It’s a really time consuming work because reservations were made on manual display boards, where passengers were listed. Travel agencies had to locate the best routes and fares in manuals and then check availability and make reservation by phone, before issuing a ticket manually.World’s first automated reservation system called SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment) was introduced by American Airlines and IBM jointly during 1962. It enabled American Airlines to replace the handwritten passenger reservations system o f the 1950s with the automated reservations system for the future. Currently SABRE global distribution system is used by more than 400 airlines, 55,000 travel agencies, 88,000 hotels, 13 cruise lines & etc.In Sri Lanka currently Sri Lankan airlines has earned great revenue and won series of international and national awards in fields ranging from passenger transport to marketing and internet technology including Platinum Award from the International Air Transport Association as one of the first airlines in the world to introduce a major innovation to tickets. Madushanka W. H. M 11294574 madawa. [email  protected] com SriLankan Airlines made significant investments in technology during last year, the carrier contracted with Calidris(since acquired by Sabre Airline Solutions) to help ensure seats are not occupied by false or spurious bookings .The solution looks at business problems including: Ticket time limits, Fake names, Duplicate bookings and duplicate segments within a booking , Fake or duplicate ticket numbers. 2. Hotels One of the most important player in travel & tourism sector which has a long history, nearly 1300 years. World’s oldest hotel is â€Å"Hoshi Ryokan† which is founded in 717. Sri Lanka’s oldest hotel is â€Å"Galle Face Hotel† which was founded in 1864 by four British entrepreneurs. Now a day hotels in other words E-Hospitality plays major role in E-Tourism.During 1970s due to the airlines Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs) and ICT developments forced hotel industry to develop hotel CRSs in order to maintain good customer friendly environment with rapid response time to customer. By using CRSs in hotel sector, it’s enable travel & tourism trade to access accurate information on availability and to provide easy, inexpensive, efficient and reliable way of making and confirming reservations. Switch companies such as THISCO and WIZCOM emerged also to facilitate interconnectivity between dedicated or interna l hotel system and GDSs (Emmer etal. 1993; O’Connor, 1995, 1999) The development of switch companies Switch Companies CRSs/GDSs Madushanka W. H. M 11294574 madawa. [email  protected] com â€Å"Galileo† is one of the well-known CRS in the world which provide Hotel room reservations, Airline bookings etc. Galileo RoomMasterâ„ ¢ is supper solution by â€Å"Travelport† company which provides hotel shopping and booking solution. By purchasing Galileo RoomMasterâ„ ¢ it provides Galileo-connected subscribers with direct, real-time access to relevant hotel system for shopping and bookings of hotel’s properties.Also it enables to connect with more than 190,000 travel agency workstations, as well as corporate and consumer/ecommerce users throughout the world. Most of the Sri Lankan hotels also are now available for online reservations by using those systems & some of them are inbuilt solutions by the hotels. 3. Tour operators & Travel Agencies Tour operator s organizes, arranges leisure packages including flights & accommodation. They pre-book tourism products and distribute them through advertising in travel agencies.Major tour operators use internet based communication system in order to reduce information handling costs and to increase the speed of information transfer with agencies and the customers. Currently some of the established tour operator’s business are made, in other words packages are booked through online. Thomson Holidays is one of the world famous tour operator company which only accept reservation made through Thomson’s open-line Program (TOP). In Sri Lanka huge number of tour operators like JF tours, Miracle Sri Lanka, Nalro tours use Ecommerce based techniques to attract travelers & advertise about their packages. Madushanka W.H. M 11294574 madawa. [email  protected] com 4. Sri Lankan Government After 30 years of the civil war, tourism is one of the main considering areas of the Sri Lankan governmen t. As mentioned in previously, county has lot of tourist attractions. So currently government has invested in several areas to develop travel & tourism industry. Sri Lanka Tourism Board (SLTB) former Ceylon Tourist Board which is under the Ministry of Economic Development has the main responsibilities to develop country’s travel & tourism. As a country still Sri Lanka couldn’t reach up to good place in E-Tourism. but SLTB doing its best to improve E-tourism.They have an alliance with ICTA (Information and Communication Technology Association of Sri Lanka) to develop E-Tourism. Also SLTB re- launched their web site (http://www. srilankatourism. org/) with new look & currently Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau which is under SLTB trying to use the best technologies to promote about the Sri Lanka (http://www. srilanka. travel/). Social networking (Facebook icon) on the page Ministry of Economic development has long time tourism development strategy (20112016). They have mentioned use of the internet & E-commerce are key objectives to be achieved through the 5 year strategy.Madushanka W. H. M 11294574 madawa. [email  protected] com E-Tourism Benefits to Key Players 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Help to understand about the customers & help to build a good customer relationship. Make direct communication between customers. Ability to respond in quick and efficient way to customer. Reduces communication, advertising cost due to eMarketing. Help to increase interconnectivity among the key players. 24/7 of the business time Less of labors. E-Tourism Benefits to Customers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Can do the business directly without interpreters. Reduces time Accessible at any time Due to competition can obtain good ervice or great product at low price. Can know Up to date information. Wide range of selections. Ability to customize products or services. Online auctions. Future developments in E-Tourism E-tourism has reach to great place in the world but when con sidering with E-commerce there are so many ways which can develop. ? ? ? E-tourism in world or Sri Lanka, still haven’t any major developments in field of mobile, mobile advertising. So developing that kind of product will help to earn more revenue than now. When considering other online products travel & tourism sector need to more think about social networking.As a country Sri Lanka should need to develop several telecommunication technologies such as speed of the internet, wireless internet access etc. †¦ Madushanka W. H. M 11294574 madawa. [email  protected] com Bibliography 1. Department of Meteorology – Sri Lanka (2012) Climate in Sri Lanka [online], available: http://www. meteo. gov. lk/index. php? option=com_content=article=106 d=81=en [07 Feb 2012]. 2. Dodson, B (2011) ‘PEACOCK PROUD’, ascend, available: http://www. google. lk/url? sa=t=j=sabre%20in%20srilankan%20airlines= web=1=2=0CCgQFjAA=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. abreairlinesolutions. co m%2Fima ges%2Fuploads%2FPeacockProud_APR_2011. pdf=6Lk0T87BIYnPrQe13rC6 Dw=AFQjCNGqQUEN5z3krOlHuO4v41AcGRi3wA=rja [06 Feb 2012]. 3. Gartner, W. C, Lime, D. W. (2000) Trends in outdoor recreation, leisure, and tourism: New wave of technological evolution, London: CABI publishing. 4. Glowatz, M (2011) ‘Emerging Infrastructure Trends ’, E Commerce Infrastructure (SL), 9 Feb 2012, University Collage Dublin, Unpublished. 5. Hotelmule(2008)The development of switch companies[Image online], available: http://hotelmule. com/management/html/83/n-2183-9. html[06 Feb 2012]. 6. IBM

11 Animal Farm Discussion Questions

Since  George Orwells 1945 novel Animal Farm is such a complex work, you can better understand its themes and plot devices by working your way through study questions. Use these Animal Farm discussion questions as a guide to better comprehending the book, but for context, first, make sure you understand the gist of the story and its related history. Animal Farm in Context In short, Animal Farm is an allegory that depicts the rise of Joseph Stalin and communism in the former Soviet Union. Orwell was dismayed by the favorable image of World War II-era and the post-war Soviet Union. He viewed the USSR as a brutal dictatorship whose people were suffering under Stalins rule. In addition, Orwell was angered by what he viewed as acceptance of the Soviet Union by Western countries. Given this, Stalin, Hitler, and Karl Marx are all represented in the novel, which ends with the famous quote, â€Å"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.†Ã‚   Questions for Review With the context of the book in mind, prepare to answer the Animal Farm discussion questions below. You can review them before you read the book, as you read it, or afterward. In any case, looking at these questions will improve your comprehension of the material. Your answers may reveal why the book has endured for generations. Discuss with your classmates or a friend whos familiar with the book. You may have somewhat different takes on the novel, but analyzing what youve read is a great way to connect with the material. What is important about the title?Why do you think Orwell chose to represent political figures as animals? Why did he choose a farm as the novels setting?What if Orwell had chosen jungle or marine animals to represent the political figures?Is it important to know the world history of the mid- and late-1940s to fully understand what Orwell is trying to portray?Animal Farm has been described as a dystopian novel. What are some other examples of fictional works with dystopian settings?Compare  Animal Farm with Orwells other famous cautionary tale, 1984. How similar are the messages of these two works? Whats different about them?What are the symbols in Animal Farm? Are they easily recognized by readers who dont know the historical context of the novel?Can you discern an authorial voice (a character who speaks the authors point of view) in Animal Farm?How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place somewhere else and still made the same points?Does the story end the way you expected? What other outcomes could there have been for Animal Farm?What would a sequel to Animal Farm have looked like? Were Orwells fears about Stalin realized?